x, 162 pages ; 22 cm

An innovator in contemporary thought on economic and political development looks here at decline rather than growth. Albert O. Hirschman makes a basic distinction between alternative ways of reacting to deterioration in business firms and, in general, to dissatisfaction with organizations: one-exit-is for the member to quit the organization or for the customer to switch to the competing product, and the other-voice-is for members or customers to agitate and exert influence for change "from within."--Publisher description

Includes bibliographical references

Introduction and doctrinal background -- Exit -- Voice -- A special difficulty in combining exit and voice -- How monopoly can be comforted by competition -- On spatial duopoly and the dynamics of two-party systems -- A theory of loyalty -- Exit and voice in American ideology and practice -- The elusive mix of exit and voice

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